Grapefruit
Bezsemjanyj Citrus paradisi Macf. Grapefruit
'Bezsemjanyj' very likely arose from another variety - 'Marsh seedless' in former Soviet Union. It's an average high tree with medium-sized fruit. The fruit's rind is thinner and smooth, easy to peel from the yellow, juicy, extremely quality pulp and typical grapefruit aroma. 'Bezsemjanyj' is completely seedless and produces fruit regularly, few small seeds can occur provided that it is well pollinated by another variety.
Duncan Citrus paradisi Macf. Grapefruit
Bowen
It is an ancient, neither early, nor late variety that has many clones. It got its name in honor of A. L. Duncan, who brought it to Florida in 1830. It is the ancestor of almost every other variety.
This attractively looking high and wide tree with dark green leaves is considered the most cold-hardy grapefruit of all. Its fruit is larger than that of 'Marsh' cultivar (8-13cm). It is flattened with a ridge at the base and small neck. Mature tree on the plantation can produce as much as 150-200 individual fruits, sometimes even more. The fruit's rind is pale to light yellow, quite thin, smooth, slightly pebbled and easy to peel. It contains also lots of aromatic essential oils and has light yellow to yellow-brown, juicy pulp that contains 48% of juices, vitamin C (48-50mg/100ml of juices), 12-14 segments with thin membranes and 30-60 seeds. 'Duncan' tastes like typical store grapefruit with excellent and very intensive flavor. It is also the sweetest and most delicious of all grapefruits, which predetermines it to be used for juice processing. There are other, seedless varieties that are preferred for direct consumption though. It's commercially grown in India, but in general is more productive and earlier ripening than any other variety; it starts to ripen in December, but the most quality fruit can be harvested from February to March, when the ratio of acids in the fruit is much lower. The ripe fruit can hang long on the tree without any significant quality loss and together with its hardiness this makes it one of the most suitable varieties for growing in greenhouses (especially when it is grafted on Poncirus). 'Duncan' requires temperatures as low as 5°C for successful overwintering. It is also used as rootstock.
Gulripšskij Citrus paradisi Macf. Grapefruit
Guljripski
'Gulripšskij' originates in former Soviet Union and has large, pointed leaf tips, so it could as well be some cross. It blooms 3 times a year, so the flowers, developing fruit and ripe fruit are all usually present on this tree at the same time. Its fruit is smaller tough, but this variety is very vigorous.
Marsh Citrus paradisi Macf. Grapefruit
Brown Marsh, Cudebeck, Hooghart, Marsh Jibarito, Marsh Miami, Marsh seedless , Marsh White, M-S-F-57-4-X-E, M-S-F-58-6-X-E, Wautelet, White Marsh, White seedless, Whitney, Whitney Marsh, Zinbaa rose
According to one theory, 'Marsh seedles' is a bud sport bred in 1860. According to other theories, it is a random seedling of 'Duncan' variety found in Lakeland, Florida in the garden of nurseryman C.M. Marsh. It was the first truly seedless (or almost seedless) variety that received fame and popularity mostly thanks to E. H. Tyson. Soon it became the most popular grapefruit variety in the world and was named after its discoverer in 1890.
'Marsh seedles' is extremely vigorous and high tree with a wide crown that requires hot summers. It has shiny leaves, small thorns and is susceptible to antractosis and tristeza and less cold hardy than other grapefruit varieties. This cultivar is also known for its high yields and can have as much as 120-150 individual fruits, provided that it is planted in the soil and has ideal climatical conditions. The fruit is typically very big (yet slightly smaller than maternal variety, around 8,5-12cm), flattened (which is an important characteristic of this
variety) and weighs around 300g. Its strong, thinner very aromatic and easy to peel rind is usually light yellow, but in cooler climates can have brown-pink spots (12mm in diameter) on the pericarp. The pulp is yellow-brown, softer, smoother, includes around 52% of juices and has excellent aroma and taste. Each individual fruit contains roughly 45-50mg/100ml of Vitamin C in its juice and also large amounts of acids, which however vanish as the fruit ripens. Pulp is usually divided into 12-14 segments. 'Marsh seedless' ripens neither early, nor late, but usually sometime around October, but because the fruit can hang ripe on the tree quite long, it can be harvested in May as well. This variety is considered to be seedless (although it can contain up to 1-6 seeds) because it is tetraploid. It has less bitter substances in cooler climates (naringin), but thinner rind in warmer climates.
Cultivation of 'Marsh seedless' has spread all over the world, although the fruit generally doesn't achieve the quality of 'Duncan' variety. Its flavor is dependant on climate, growing conditions... Ripe fruit that is supposed to hang on the tree for longer periods should be sprinkled with giberlit. It is also easy to store. 'Marsh seedless' belongs to the most popular varieties grown in California, Texas, Arizona, South America, Australia, Israel and India. It is known as 'Hooghart' in Surinam.
'Marsh seedless' gave rise to such varieties as 'Frost Marsh' and 'Ruby'. Other than that, there are 2 pigmented forms, bud mutations, which were discovered in 1919 and 1921. They are known as 'Thompson' and 'Redblush'. Other variety - 'Miami' is sometimes considered to be the clone of 'Marsh seedless'.
Star Ruby Citrus paradisi Macf. Grapefruit
Ahmer, Cant, Rev Cant, Rosso, Rubra, Star Ruby 4n, Sunrise, Texas, Texas Star
'Star Ruby' is a quite late variety created in 1959 by R. A. Hensz in the research centre in Weslaco, Texas from a 'Hudson' variety seed exposed to radiation. It was first released to public in 1971.
The tree seems to be very compact, mainly because of the amount of branches and small habitus, which resembles a shrub. 'Star Ruby' is a heat loving variety, but its sensitive to temperatures above 45°C, herbicides, gummosis, phytoftora, antracnosa, chlorosis and tristeza, which might be a result of radiation mutation. It has lots of average-sized leaves with wings on their petioles and typical light spots (they are sometimes mistaken for diseases). If the tree is not trimmed and cut regularly, yields are significantly lower. It is probably the most demanding and difficult to grow variety of all. Plentiful flowers are white and they grow in clusters. The fruit is spherical, average or even big (7,5-10,5cm), weighs 350-450g and is slightly smaller than other pigmented varieties. It has smooth, thin (7-12mm), easy to peel, yellow rind with red spots and is better colored in shade than 'Rio Red'. Intensive red pulp color is the result of high lykopen amounts; it is the most intensively colored variety of all. The pulp is rich in soluble slats, sugars and has less acids than 'Redblush'. It contains roughly 50% of juices in all 14 segments. Ripe fruit can hang very long on the tree and it can be harvested from October to March.
'Star Ruby' has better pigmentation in cooler climates, in commercial tropical cultivation ethylene is used to remove the remains of green color and better pigmentation of the pulp. If the 'Star Ruby' variety is grafted on oranges, the ripe fruit is usually sweeter, but the trees grow badly in clogged soils. When compared to other varieties, it has shorter economical vitality (by 3-4 years), so it's substituted in major cultivation areas - Texas and Florida - with 'Rio Red'. The most popular Australian clone 'Cant' is a result of selection made many years ago, it is almost identical to 'Star Ruby' in all the important characteristics.
Šedok - Citrus grandis
Pink Citrus grandis Osbeck Šedok
Azimboa, Frapa, Hawaiian Pink, Java, Java Pink, Jawa, Large Pink, Oval pink, Zimboa
'Pink' is a variety that started as a seedling in South Africa in 1920, then was selected for further studying by Mr.L. von Broembsen in 1970 and one of the people who helped with its distribution was also Mr. F. Esselen from the eastern Transvaal. 'Pink' is sometimes referred to as shaddock.
It's a large tree, both high and wide with rather big (11-15cm in diameter), egg or pear-shaped fruit that has dark yellow, smooth rind full of essential oils. The pulp is usually amber yellow with pinkish touch and is very soft, juicy, sweet and tasty. It's divided into 16-22 segments with lots of seeds, when the plant is pollinated by other shaddock. Otherwise it is completely seedless. The rind goes easily off of the pulp, but for its big proportions, this variety is almost never exported.
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