Exotické rostliny, Zdeněk Černoch, Větřkovice u Vítkova

Aeurelia Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

Adreula, Aurelia

'Aurelia' is one of the earliest varieties; it is a cross of Unshiu tangerine 'Miyagawa' and Ichang papeda. It is cultivated on the western coasts of Georgia and has fairly good frost tolerance. It's also significantly more vigorous than 'Miyagawa' and has much denser crown. It is probably as tasty as other Unshiu tangerines (resembles 'Kawano'). The fruit is slightly flattened or spherical and has thicker rind that goes however right off of the pulp. The fruit usually ripens in Georgia in the second half of September, which is important for later overwintering and ensuring the high yields in the next season.

Carvalhal Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

Carvailhes, Carvailles, Carvalhais, Carvalhais SRA 23, Carvalhais SRA 25, Carvalhais SRA 3, de Setubal, Tangera

This is a Portugal early variety, an unknown cross, but one of the maternal varieties is probably the Mediterranean tangerine, usually referred to as t C. reticulata Blanco. 'Carvalhais' is widely cultivated in Portugal and sometimes also exported to other European countries.

It's an erect, vertically growing tree with typical long, pointed, spear-shaped leaves (leaves resemble those of Clementine 'Commune'). Its fruit is average or big, usually spherical or oval and has thick, strong, well attached orange rind (ripe fruit). 'Carvalhais' pulp is very juicy, slightly sour and contains lots of polyembrionic seeds. Ripe fruit can hang on the tree for a very long time without any significant quality loss, but this quality starts to fade really fast, after the fruit is harvested. Croatian nurseries propagate many clones from the Corsican research facility in San Giulianu (mainly those labeled as 'Carvalhais SRA 3', 'Carvalhais SRA 23' and 'Carvalhais SRA 25').

Clemapo delicia Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

Clemapo Delizia

'Clemapo delice' is an early, average high variety. It was most probably bred as a repeated cross of tangerine Clementine 'Commune' and the result of another cross: Mediterranean tangerine ('Avana') and tangelo 'Mapo'. Its fruit is distinctively flattened, bigger than usual tangerines (120g) and ripens typically in October. Pulp has excellent flavor and contains no seeds, more to that, the fruit's orange rind is very easy to peel. It has ideal climatic conditions in our region.

Honey Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

California Honey, Lu

H. B. Frost bred this tangerine in California, it's a cross of Mediterranean tangerine 'Mediterranean' and tangerine 'King'; this particular variety was described in 1943. The same cross also produced other varieties: 'Encore', 'Kinnow' and 'Wilking'.

'Honey' is an average or high tree with extreme vigor and tendency to fruit variably each year. It's fruit is small or average (3,5-6cm), weighs 40-80g and is slightly flattened. It has grainy, light orange, thin rind with lots of essential oils. Orange pulp is usually very soft and delicious, unlike many citruses also sweet (that's why it's called Honey) and it is divided into 10 segments with either lots of or no seeds (depends on the pollinator). It can hang on the tree even 2-3 months without losing much of its excellent flavor.

Jubilejnyj Citrus sp.Hybridní mandarina

Jubilsini, Mandarin slaboroslyj

'Jubilsini' is a dwarf variety discovered as a seedling; its maternal varieties are tangerine unshiu 'Miyagawa' and tangerine 'Appelsin č. 3477'. This cultivar originates in former USSR. Its fruit's rind is orange and it has tasty and aromatic pulp. It's called also 'Mandarin slaboroslyj' in Gulripsh.

Kelasurskij Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

A seedling originating in former USSR, its maternal varieties are tangerine 'Miyagawa' and ichang papeda. 'Kelasurskij' is in General considered to be a dwarf variety with extremely quality fruit. It's also a perspective variety for growing in flats.

Michal Citrus sp.Hybridní mandarina

Mikhal

'Michal' is an early variety and probably a cross of Clementine 'Commune' ('Clementine') and tangerine 'Dancy'. It originates in Israel and thus likes hot and dry climates which are unacceptable for other tangerine varieties. It has tendency to fruit erratically though, with very varying yields during the high and low yielding year. Its fruit is rather average, but it tends to produce also many smaller fruits (5-6,5cm and weight 90-100g). The fruit's smooth rind is orange-red, quite thick and similar to that of Clementina tangerines. It has extremely tasty and aromatic pulp that contains lots of juices (up to 44%), some acids and few seeds (in average 6).

Primosole Citrus sp.Hybridní mandarina

Primasole, Primo Sole

'Primosole' is one of the new early varieties bred on Italian university in Catania. It's a cross of tangerine unshiu 'Miho' and hybridous tangerine 'Carvalhal' (instead of the latter variety some sources mention also Mediterranean tangerine).

'Primosole' is an average tree with dense spherical crown. It has small or average leaves that tend to curve upside, when exposed to direct sun. Numerous flowers grow mainly in clusters. The flattened fruit is average or sometimes even big; it can weigh 140-150g. Its rind is smooth, shiny and not too thick, but it has distinctive orange color. Aromatic pulp if this variety can be very juicy, refreshing and is is usually divided into 11 easily separable segments. There aren't any seeds in the fruit and it usually ripens on the end of October or beginning of November. When the fruit is ripe, it doesn't take long until the rind cracks and the entire pulp dries out. Therefore it is necessary not only to harvest, but also eat the fruit soon after it ripens.

Robinson Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

'Robinson' is an early variety that was bred by F. C. Gardner and Jack Bellows in 1942 in Orlando, Florida and was registered in 1959. . It's a cross of Clementine tangerine 'Commune' and tangelo 'Orlando1959. It carries the name of T. Ralphu Robinson, a researcher in the Orlando Research Institute.

'Robinson' is almost thornless tree with erect and dense crown full of wide, spear-shaped leaves usually with serrated edges. Even without any shaping or trimming this variety has a perfectly symmetric crown. Its growing habit and tendencies are somehow in the background of its intolerances: weak resistance to fungal diseases, cold weather and branch drying. To have the highest possible yields, this variety should be pollinated by pollen from other cultivars or citruses. Yields are stable and often can cause the branches to break and fall down. The flattened fruit is small or average (4,5-7cm), weighs around 100-110g and resembles that of tangerine 'Dancy'. It has very thin, strong, smooth, leathery, shiny rind, which perfectly traces the segments. A part of albedo remains in segments. The fruit's pulp is orange or ruby, very massive and juicy (up to 41%), has excellent flavor and is usually divided into 12-14 easily separable segments. It contains around 20 seeds (green in lengthwise cross-section), when it is pollinated by one of the varieties 'Temple', 'Lee' or 'Orlando'. 'Robinson' fruit ripens in the same time as 'Lee' and 'Osceola', but gains the color first. More vigorous rootstocks (rough lemon) cause the fruit to granulate and thus make it unsuitable for desert areas.

Satsuma x clementina Hybridní mandarina

I didn't find any information about this variety.

Ambersweet Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

'Ambersweet' is a cross of the orange 'Sweet' with a hybrid of Clementine tangerine with tangelo 'Orlando' (also called tangor). It was bred in 1963 by C. J. Hearn and P. C. Reece in Fort Pierce, Florida and released to public in 1989. It is a high, erect, quite vigorous tree with narrow, light, tangerine like leaves. Its branches have small spikes and this variety is very cold tolerant, just like hybrids 'Fallglo', 'Robinson' and 'Sunburst'. 'Ambersweet' tree's branches also sometimes tend to dry out and therefore this variety is more sutiable to less humid and colder climates. Its fruit is average or big (7-10 cm), weighs 290-340g, has spherical or pear shape and sometimes creates a small neck or nipple. The rind is usually very thick (10-12mm) and has very intensive color. Fruit's orange pulp is very soft and tasty; the juice tastes like that of Clementine tangerines. If 'Ambersweet' is not cultivated along with other citrus varieties, it's completely seedless. Pollinated flower usually produces fruit with apx 30 seeds. The fruit ripens from October until the late December and is widely cultivated in South Africa and Argentina, whereas its popularity in Florida is slowly fading. The most suitable rootstock for this variety is tangerine 'Cleopatra', Citrus aurantium, citrumelo 'Swingle' and citrange 'Carrizo'.

Fairchild Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

C48-14-39

'Fairchild' is a semi-early variety that was bred in 1948 by J. B. Furr in Indio, California. It is a cross of tangerine Clementine 'Commune' and tangelo 'Orlando'. It makes up to 35% of the entire production of tangerines in California and was released to public in 1964. It was named after an American botanist David Fairchild, who founded a reservation in Everglades, Florida.

'Fairchild' is average high and wide tree with almost thornless branches. It has lots of smaller, spear-shaped leaves. It tolerates hot and dry climates, such as many parts of California and Arizona and requires lots of heat to produce the full quality fruit. The highest yields usually occur, when this variety is pollinated by another, completely different citrus. What this tree produces are average (5-6cm), slightly flattened fruit that can weigh up to 90-110 g. It has dark orange, smooth, difficult to peel rind full of various essential oils and orange, sweet pulp that resembles tomato pulp. It has very well balanced ratio of sugars and acids and is divided into 11 segments. When the tree produces too many individual fruits; they are typically smaller than usually. 'Fairchild' doesn't require pollination by other citrus, but when it is pollinated by certain variaties (e.g. tangelo 'Orlando'), it contains lots of polyembrionic seeds and there is much more fruit on the branches. 'Fairchild' ripens in November (Spain) and the fruit usually doesn't fall off the tree by itself.

Nova Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

426-9-22, Clemenvilla, di Villalonga, Nova 4n, Nova V, Suntina

'Nova' is a semi-early variety that belongs to the same group of hybrid tangerines as 'Lee', 'Osceola' and 'Robinson', which were all bred by F. C. Gardner and Dr. Jack Bellows (they experimented with crossing the Clementine 'Fina' and tangelo 'Orlando') in Florida, 1942. 'Nova' was described and started to be massively cultivated in 1964. Maternal varieties are almost exclusively heterogamous and so is the 'Nova'. And so this cultivar became the most important market variety in Spain, Israel and The Republic of South Africa.

'Nova' is a wide tree that can grow to average heights. It is usually completely thornless or only occasionally with small spikes, which however disappear as the tree matures. The leaves are elongated, very similar to those of Clementine tangerines and this variety starts fruiting very early. It is however necessary to perform an improvement cutting and eliminate small and weak fruit (to ensure the same and high yields in the next year). It is very tolerant to rotting and antracnosis in humid climates. The flowers of 'Nova' are very fragrant and after pollination form average (5-7,5cm), flattened or spherical fruit that can weigh up to 100-140g and resembles fruit of tangelo 'Orlando'. It has also overfalling base and thin, leathery, well attached and difficult to peel rind, which is usually colored only after the pulp had ripened. It has typical radial ridges and intensive colors. Soft, juicy (up to 40%), dark orange pulp has excellent aroma and sweet flavor. It is usually divided into 10-11 segments and provided that it is pollinated by tangor 'Temple', it can contain more than 30 seeds (cross-section of the seeds shows, that they are light green). Pollination with other pollen results in almost seedless fruit. Fruit starts ripening in the second part of September and is fully ripe

sometime in December. Unripe fruit tends to crack and dry out in milder and more humid climates (this can result in losing 30% of the harvest); it is laso necessary to cut the fruit with the peduncle to prevent further damage. 'Nova' should be harvested as soon as it ripens, because otherwise it loses quality. .. The most suitable rootstock for this cultivar would be 'Cleopatra'. This variety is ideal for growng in pots and is cultivated in Israel as 'Suntina' and Spain as 'Clemenvilla'.

Fortune Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

C48-9-6, Fortuna

'Fortune' is a very late, extremely fertile variety that is cultivated mostly in Spain. It is a cross of Celmentine tangerine 'Fina' ('Algerian') and tangerine 'Dancy' bred in California by J. R. Furre between 1948 and 1964. It was named after an English botanist from the 19^th century, Robert Fortune.

'Fortune' is a very vigorous tree that grows to average heights. It has wide and dense crown made of long, overhanging branches. Its broad dark green leaves shade the fruit from sun and cold. This cultivar is very adaptive; it has problems with sudden temperature changes

but is used to desert conditions (which is important mainly in California and Arizona). It has some spikes, but they can disappear as the tree matures. What might pose a great problem are very fragile branches. They can easily be knocked down by a strong wind or storm. Small flowers soon change into small or average (5-7cm), flattened fruit that weighs in average 85g, but the largest pieces can be as heavy as 90-130g (it resembles Unshiu tangerine fruit). Its rind is intensively orange, quite thin (2-3 mm), slightly pebbled and very well attached to the flesh. It isn't really difficult to peel the fruit, and that's why it can be so easily damaged even before ripening on the tree. The orange fruit's pulp is tasty, contains lots of sugars, but even fully ripe fruit has some acids (therefore it is wise to wait until the fruit has fully ripened before harvest). There is a significant amount of juices in the fruit (up to 59%) and lots of sugars (13%). The pulp is usually divided into 12 segments and contains only very few seeds (if it is pollinated by another variety, there can be 15-22 seeds inside the fruit). 'Fortune' requires hot climatical conditions and fertile soils. Low temperatures and high relative humidity cause lesser quality (pitting...). The fruit tends to remain smaller, even after the unfitting, small, slowly developing or otherwise insufficient fruit is removed. 'Fortune' usually ripens in Spain around from April and the fruit muse be cut off the tree, not just collected. The quality of the ripe fruit hanging on the tree gets worse the more the fruit hangs there. It is necessary to use giberelin. The fruit can even rot on the tree, to suppress this negative effect farmers usually use the rootstock 'Volkameriana' (there are less juices in the fruit). Fruit should be at any time well protected by the leaves!

Kinnow Citrus sp. Hybridní mandarina

Honey

Hybrid variety, it was bred in the California University in Riverside Research Centre by Howard B. Frost between 1915-1925. It is a cross of tangerine 'King' and Mediterranean tangerine 'Mediterranean'. Its name is a combnation of the words 'King' + 'Willow leaf' ('Mediterranean'). It was first propagated only in 1925 and released to public in 1935. Nowadays it is the number one cultivated tangerine in the Pakistan, where it makes up to 70% of all tangerines grown there. It is also cultivated in India, California and Arizona.

This robust tree with a column-like habit has thin, long, overhanging thornless branches that have excellent decorative value and can withstand cold weather. It has average, leathery, shiny and wide leaves resembling spears and average (4,5-7cm), oval, slightly flattened fruit that can weigh up to 70-100g. Production of the fruit is not well balanced and there are years, when the tree has higher or smaller yields than normally. Its rind is thin, very smooth, shiny, sometimes also pebbled and well attached to the flesh. Tasty and distinctive pulp is very juicy (up to 43%), aromatic and very sweet. It can be divided into 12 segments with lots of polyembryonic seeds (cross-sectioned seeds are green-yellow). Te fruit usually ripens from December to February and the fruit can hang ripe on the tree for a very long time. It usually ripens precisely one year in our climatical conditions. It is distributed as 'Honey' by one company - Sunkist.

Atalantia x Upavanskij Citrus sp. Hybridní citrus

'Atalantia x Upavanskij' is a cross of the genus Atalantia (close relative of the Citrus genus) and the orange variety 'Upavanskij'. It was brought to Central Europe by professor Mamporii from the fromer USSR. It is a very interesting plant with shrub-like habit. Young branches and shoots led to grow horizontally are extremely vigorous. 'Atalantia x Upavanskij' has numerous flowers that grow mainly in clusters of 4-5 and appear next to almost every leaf axil. Lots of flowers make this variety very decorative. Its fruit resembles tangerine fruit: it is 5cm long in diameter and has dark orange rind with almost no albedo. The pulp is orange as well and has pleasant, sweet, slightly sour flavor.

Boata Citrus sp. Hybridní citrus

Unknown Kumquat hybrid.

Dioscuria Citrus sp. Hybridní citrus

'Dioscuria' is a very productive and fertile variety, a cross of lemon and another, unknown citrus with smaller habit. It originates in the Gulripsh research station, close to Suchumi, former USSR. Its fruit is 7 to 11cm long, according to the amount of fruit and has thin, smooth, shiny rind. The juicy pulp has excellent quality and yields are stable and reliable.

Drysický Citurs sp. Hybridni citrus

'Drysicky' is a Czech variety, most probably a hybrid with unknown maternal varieties. It was discovered in Orangeria that belongs to Ing. Dobeš from Drysice. The tree started to produce the small (4-5cm), slightly flattened fruit in the 5^th year. Another typical characteristic is the orange rind that goes right off. Ripe fruit's pulp is dark orange, juicy and contains both - refreshing sour and tasty bitter flavors. It has around 8 segments and contains only few seeds.It is usually eaten along with the rind. 'Drysicky' can also be propagated by cuttings and is often referred to as Drýsický calamondin.

Pursha Citrus sp. Hybridní citrus

di Roma, Pursta

'Pursha' originates in India, but this origin is neither sure nor confirmed. It is sometimes filed as sweet lime, but the more extensive research showed that it could be a cross of lime and orange or another variant could be a cross of chinoto and lime. This variety or a cultivar similar to this one was documented already in the 17^th century by Gallesio (1839). He described it as a "lemon cultivar with sweet pulp, but other strange characteristics, which would be more common for oranges than lemons; narrow and intensively green leaves, white flowers and also spherical fruit." It is an average shrub with erraticly growing, asymmetric crown and small, pointed, elliptic, dark green, shiny leaves with narrow petioles. Blossoms appear on the shrub from May to November and they are white and very fragrant. This variety's fruit weigh in average 80g and is usually small, spherical, slightly flattened on the poles with a distinctive nipple on the apex. It has sometimes also very special deforming outgrowth, which resembles horns. The fruit's intensively yellow rind has lots of lengthwise ridges, is thick and strong and even though can easily be peeled. Its pulp is very juicy, tasty, both sour and sweet and contains 8 smaller segments. 'Pursha' is one of those varieties that are ideal for growing indoors and in pots. Therefore it's used as a decorative plant in the Western Europe.

Triploide Reale Citrus sp. Hybridní citrus

'Triploide Reale' is probably a cross of orange, tangerines and kumquat that originates in Italy. Its fruit is small, has many different shapes and yellow-orange, slightly sour rind.

Canaliculata Citrus sp. Hybridní citrus

a frutto incannellato, Scannellato

'Canaliculata' is a cross of lemon and orange that has been cultivated in Toscan area since the 16^th century. It is sometimes filed along with other Citrus aurantium varieties (mostly 'Consolei' ('Canaliculata') variety), but this is a very usual mistake.

'Canaliculata' is quite high tree with dark green leaves, serrated leaf edges and narrow petioles. Its young shoots are usually red or at least have a hint of red. The white flowers are rather large and fragrant. Slightly flattened fruit is average in size and has many different shapes, from oval with distinctive pointed nipple to spherical. Its rind is usually yellow-orange or orange, when the fruit is fully ripe, with several ridges and ribs. It is not mentioned in the historical records, but there is a description of similar plant by J. Ch. Volkamer, who called it "Aranzo stellato dolce". This description however lacks the description of pointed nipple. Other than that however, 'Canaliculata' is very popular decorative cultivar.

Cleymuz Citrus sp. Hybridni citrus

According to Bernhard Voss, it is a hybrid of C.junos Sieb.ex. Tan. And tangerine C. reticulata Blanco.

Grosso Citrus sp. Hybridni citrus

Probably a cross of lemon and shaddock.

Chimere 311 Citrus sp. Hybrini citrus

I have no information about this variety.

Karlik 1 Citrus sp. Hybridní citrus

Karlik

'Karlik 1' got its name from prof. F. M. Zorin and it is a hybrid of following cultivars: Unshou tangerine from the Black Sea coast C. Ieiocarpa hort. ex Tan. (most probably 'Koji'), grapefruit and kumquat originating in the Sochi region, former USSR.

It is a dwarf shrub that produces small, sour fruit with swet edible rind. It can withstand frosts of -10°C provided that it is grafted on Poncirus trifoliata. They are slightly elongated and look different than the other form known as 'Karlik 2'. According to the most ancient sources it was cultivated indoors some millenium ago.

Kucle Kumandarin Kumandarin

Origin of this variety is unknown, sometimes you can find in certain publications that it is Sicily. 'Kucle' is according to Italian documents a cross of tangerine Clementine and oval Kumquat. It is a year-round blossoming and fruiting variety with high yields in the main flowering season. Its dark green leaves have typical characteristics of both varieties and the small, white, fragrant flowers can be seen on the tree from the spring to the late autumn. The fruit resembles Kumquat fruit, but is much bigger (at least 2x), more spherical and has dark orange, sour-sweet rind and sour pulp. 'Kucle' is priced mostly for its decorative appearance and it is usually also the reason why it is cultivated.

Lemonade Citrus sp. Hybridni citrus

Limonade

'Lemonade' is a hybrid variety originating in New Zealand. It is a cross of lemon and grapefruit. This vigorous and high shrub starts producing fruit really soon and is very sensitive to frost. Fruit's rind is usually plain yellow, thick and easy to peel, whereas the pulp is very juicy, sweet, distinctive, refreshing and contains 10-15 seeds. The fruit's juice can be used as lemonade.

N° 30 Citrus sp. Hybridní citrus

'N° 30' comes from the collection of several grafts brought by Proffesor Pospíšil from Montenegro bar. It could be related to or even the same as 'JF 80'

N°296 Citrus sp. Hybridni citrus

'N° 296' is a variegated variety originating in French city Menton. Its other origin and details remain unknown.

SP Citrus sp. Hybridni citrus

'SP Urban' is a special hybrid of lemandarin Otaheite and ichang papeda. It originates in the city Korýtky, north of Plzen, Czech Republic. Mr. Urban tried to breed various cultivars to gain a rootstock, which would be idle for cultivation indoors. That's what its name comes from, SP - speciální podnož (special rootstock). The plant has already started to fruit, but its necessary to try it out as rootstock. It accepts almost every graft, but hasn't been registered as individual variety and its future destiny remains unsure.

'Sunburst' is a cross of 2 hybrids, 'Robinson' and 'Osceola'. It was bred by Philip C. Reece in Orlando, Florida in 1961, where it soon became a significant cultivar. It was then released into public cultivation in 1979.

'Sunburst' is a high, erect, vigorous and thornless tree with high resistance to alternaria. This cultivar starts producing fruit very early and tends to have different yields over the years. This is mainly due to the extreme yields it produces certain years and rests the next one. Its fruit is average or big (5-7,5cm), but not constantly big, there are almost all fruit sizes on the tree at the same time. It is slightly flattened and has nice, orange-red pigmentation, red in direct sun. It resembles big tomatoes and starts coloring up earlier than most of other citrus plants. 'Sunburst' has thin, soft pericarp that is well attached to the pulp and the covered fruit segments create shallow, yet visible radial ridges. Its pulp has excellent color too, and contains lots of juices (up to 42%), acids and has 11-15 well separated with strong membranes. 'Sunburst' should be cultivated in warm, if not hot, climate to ripen properly otherwise it will only look better than actually taste. Pollination also improves the fruit's quality and the entire fruit production usually ripens in the same time as 'Robinson' or slightly later (November). Ripe fruit shouldn't be left on the tree too long, it can get damaged by winds and rains. 'Sunburst' grafted on tangerine 'Cleopatra' produces slightly smaller fruit than 'Sunburst' grafted on other rootstocks.

Cedromelo Citrus sp. Hybridní citrus

A thornless tree with pointed leaves, narrow petioles and curiously deformed fruit.

de Jeruzaleme Citrus sp. Hybrindi citrus

A cross of Shaddock and Citrus aurantium, it is a thornless tree with large, pointed leaves, winged petioles and big, usually flattened spherical fruit.