Exotické rostliny

Caffin Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Azem, Caffin SRA 385, Clementine Caffin

'Cafin' is an extremely early variety; it was discovered in 1968 by M. Caffin in Azemour, Morocco. It ripens in the first half of October. 'Cafin' is a slowly growing tree with great soil sensitivity. Fruit resembles that of other Clementines and is quite average (5-6,5 cm), whereas the overall fruit weight is 90-110g. It has well-colored and quite thin rind (with a tendency to puff during hot waves) and almost seedless, excellent tasting pulp (if the fruit ripens in higher temperatures). This variety is self-pollinating.

Loretina Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

'Loretina' is another Clementina from the subgroup of early fruiting varieties. It is a mutation of cultivar 'Marisol' that occurred in Tormos, Alicante province, Spain. Its fruit usually ripens in the first half of September, much earlier than maternal variety. It was patented in 1992.

'Loretina' is a robust, erect tree with thorns on young branches. It resembles 'Fina' and is extremely productive. Fruit is rather small, spherical and has red-orange rind full of essential oils. Its pulp is generally very juicy, sweet and has excellent flavor. This variety doesn't lose any quality, if the ripe fruit hangs on the tree for a very long time. After it is picked, calyx usually remains on the fruit. This cultivar is nowadays widely cultivated in Australia.

Marisol Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Marisol 4n

'Marisol' is an early Spanish variety that probably occurred as spontanous mutation of one Clementina 'Oroval'. It was discovered in 1970 close to Bechí, Castellónu de la Plana.

'Marisol' is a vigorous, high, thorny tree with short branches forming a dense crown. It is an excellent producer of the most delicious fruit, which resembles the fruit of 'Oroval'. However it ripens 15-20 days earlier, on the end of September, in precisely the same time as Unshiu tangerine 'Owari', which led to its massive cultivation in Spain (almost 35% of all Clementine production) and fall of the Unshiu tangerine cultivation. Fruit is quite big (5,5-7cm) and weighs 70-130g. It has thin (3-5mm) orange rind full of aromatic essential oils. The pulp is very soft, juicy (up to 55% of the fruit), slightly sour with 8,8% of sugar‚ 1,3% of acids and usually 2 seeds. It is necessary to cut the fruit of the tree during the harvest, because calyx tends to remain on the pedicel. Harvests should usually start before the first fruit ripens, because the rind puffs easily, once the fruit is ripe enough. Unlike most of the other Clementines, this one doesn't have to be propped. 'Marisol' is ideal for growing indoors.

Spinoso Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

'Spinoso' is very early variety and probably a natural mutation of cultivar 'Commune' discovered in Calabria. This tree is quite high and grows mostly vertically. It has dense crown with small thorns on the branches. Its fruit is oval or spherical, small and weighs slightly less than other tangerines (80 g). It ripens 15-20 days before other Clementines, but the fruit can't hang long ripe on the tree.

SRA 89 Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

'SRA 89' is a compact, early variety. It has small, red fruit that has excellent flavor and aroma. It ripens roughly 6 months after flowering.

Corsica 1 Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Corsica #1, Corsica 1 SRA 367, Corsica SRA 63, Corsica SRA 92, G.P., Ristorcelli 1

It's a mutation of variety 'Fina' that was discovered by René Ristorcelli in 1962. This mutation occurred in Rabat, Morocco. It's name, 'G.P.' is a tribute to the land owner, where the mutation was discovered, Georgese Poerrona. The fruit is average (5-6,5cm) and weighs around 90-130g. Its rind is light orange, smooth, thin (3-5mm) and its pulp is not too juicy. It contains only few seeds (2-5).

Commune Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Cassar, Clementina Fina, Clementine, Commune 92, Commune ISA, Commune SRA 63, del terreno, Giamarchi, Land Clementine, Seedless Clementine, Sin hueso, Sodea, SRA

'Comune ISA' is the most wide-spread basic Mediterranean Clementina variety. It has many names and clones, some of them ripen earlier, some later. Its origin is unknown, but some botanists speculate that it's a spontaneous mutation of a Mediterranean tangerine seedling. Others think that it might as well be a cross of orange tree with Sour Orange 'Granito' or give it an exotic, Chinese origin (mutation of 'Canton'). Some people state, that it could also be a cross of tangerine and orange, that's why it's sometimes called also "mandarancio". It was sown for the first time by a missionary, father Clement Rodier, the main farmer in an orphanage called "Padri di S. Spirito" (Fathers of the Holy Spirit) in Misserghin, close to Oran, Algeria. In his honor and memory this type of tangerines got its name - Clementina. It was first massively cultivated by Dr. Trabut. Later, in 1914, it was brought to California and therefore it ‘s ironic, that it achieved its first success so late, in 1920, and ever since it has been favored by everyone. 'Comune ISA' is the most cultivated tangerine and by far earns the most on the tangerine marker.

'Comune ISA' is a small or average tree with compact appearance, wide crown and thornless branches. Its leaves are very dark green, spear-shaped, more oval than other Mediterranean tangerines and it is fairly cold resistant, even more than most of the other Mediterranean tangerines. It produces very unequally, but that might have been because of the culminating temperatures when it blossoms. That affects the fruit production, because this tangerine is not self-pollinating. To have the best fruit, it needs a suitable pollinator, just like 'Dancy' or 'Kinnow'; the most ideal pollinator is tangelo 'Orlando' or oranges 'Marrs' and 'Valencia'. It has smaller, white flower growing both individually and in clusters. The fruit is medium-sized (4-6cm), spherical, with small or no neck and slightly flattened on the poles. Its smooth rind is shiny, intensively orange (dark orange in colder climates), quite thin and very easy to peel. It has nice orange colors even in tropical climates. The pulp is generally dark orange, juicy and sweet. It is divided into 11 segments. Fruit ripens from October to January and can hang

long on the tree after fully ripening. During harvests, it is necessary to use cutting tools, because the calyx remains on the pedicel. Spanish farmers usually use giberelin to prolong the pre-harvest time.

This is one of those varieties that breed easily with other cultivars and citruses. It is the maternal variety to many tangelos, clementines ('Nules' and 'Oroval'). Because of its slower and less vigorous growth it is suitable for growing in pots. Small fruit size is a great market disadvantage, that's why it's advised to cultivate this variety in the most fertile soils of Mediterranean. Cultivar called 'Fina' was introduced as a clone. Each and every clone with suffix SRA was bred in Corsican Breeding Station. Unfortunately, most of the clones produce smaller fruit than maternal variety.

Esbal ® Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

'Esbal' is a Spanish variety, spontaneous mutation of Clementina variety 'Fina', discovered in 1966 in Sagunt, Valencia, Spain.

It is a robust, high, vigorous tree with dense crown and short, thornless branches. It has typical Clementina leaves and starts producing fruit very early. The fruit is quite average (5cm), flattened, slightly bigger than that of maternal veriety and very symmetric. It has an intensively orange-red, very soft rind that goes right off. The pulp is very tasty, nicely colored, very juicy and has only a few seeds. Its good characteristics are early ripening, excellent flavor and beautiful aroma. It ripen is the middle of September in Spain. When the fruit is fully ripe, it doesn't hang well on the tree and the rind tends to crack easily. Supposedly no hormonal or other cures are necessary. Unlike most of the clementines, this variety doesn't need propping.

Fedele Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Fedele Bari

Oroval Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Oroval Clola-1

'Oroval' is a navel mutation of variety 'Fina'. It was discovered in 1950 in Quart de los Valles, a city close to Valencia, Spain. It is an average tree with erect, more vertically growing tendency. It may have thorns first few years and starts fruiting really soon. It's both, early and well-yielding. Leaves are usually dark green, spear-shaped and its small white flowers grow either in clusters or individually. The fruit starts ripening in September and this particular variety is also self-fertile, so it doesn't need a pollinator to produce it.

The fruit is bigger (5,5-7cm) than other usually (in the case of Clementines), spherical, flattened on the poles and weighs 70 -130g. Its skin is dark orange, weak, filled with essential oils and very fragile, it can even be damaged by strong rains. Fruit's pulp is orange, soft and juicy (up to 50%; it has also slightly sour flavor, contains around 8,8% of sugars and 1,3% of acids. This variety is completely seedless or has a small amount of seeds. Its fruit usually ripens 3 weeks after 'Nules', it's necessary to cut the pedicel. It can't hang long on the tree after it fully ripens.

Commune Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Cassar, Clementina Fina, Clementine, Commune 92, Commune ISA, Commune SRA 63, del terreno, Giamarchi, Land Clementine, Seedless Clementine, Sin hueso, Sodea, SRA

'SRA 63' is the most wide-spread basic Mediterranean Clementina variety. It has many names and clones, some of them ripen earlier, some later. Its origin is unknown, but some botanists speculate that it's a spontaneous mutation of a Mediterranean tangerine seedling. Others think that it might as well be a cross of orange tree with Sour Orange 'Granito' or give it an exotic, Chinese origin (mutation of 'Canton'). Some people state, that it could also be a cross of tangerine and orange, that's why it's sometimes called also "mandarancio". It was sown for the first time by a missionary, father Clement Rodier, the main farmer in an orphanage called "Padri di S. Spirito" (Fathers of the Holy Spirit) in Misserghin, close to Oran, Algeria. In his honor and memory this type of tangerines got its name - Clementina. It was first massively cultivated by Dr. Trabut. Later, in 1914, it was brought to California and therefore it ‘s ironic, that it achieved its first success so late, in 1920, and ever since it has been favored by everyone. 'SRA 63' is the most cultivated tangerine and by far earns the most on the tangerine marker.

'SRA 63' is a small or average tree with compact appearance, wide crown and thornless branches. Its leaves are very dark green, spear-shaped, more oval than other Mediterranean tangerines and it is fairly cold resistant, even more than most of the other Mediterranean tangerines. It produces very unequally, but that might have been because of the culminating temperatures when it blossoms. That affects the fruit production, because this tangerine is not self-pollinating. To have the best fruit, it needs a suitable pollinator, just like 'Dancy' or 'Kinnow'; the most ideal pollinator is tangelo 'Orlando' or oranges 'Marrs' and 'Valencia'. It has smaller, white flower growing both individually and in clusters. The fruit is medium-sized (4-6cm), spherical, with small or no neck and slightly flattened on the poles. Its smooth rind is shiny, intensively orange (dark orange in colder climates), quite thin and very easy to peel. It has nice orange colors even in tropical climates. The pulp is generally dark orange, juicy

and sweet. It is divided into 11 segments. Fruit ripens from October to January and can hang long on the tree after fully ripening. During harvests, it is necessary to use cutting tools, because the calyx remains on the pedicel. Spanish farmers usually use giberelin to prolong the pre-harvest time.

This is one of those varieties that breed easily with other cultivars and citruses. It is the maternal variety to many tangelos, clementines ('Nules' and 'Oroval'). Because of its slower and less vigorous growth it is suitable for growing in pots. Small fruit size is a great market disadvantage, that's why it's advised to cultivate this variety in the most fertile soils of Mediterranean. Cultivar called 'Fina' was introduced as a clone. Each and every clone with suffix SRA was bred in Corsican Breeding Station. Unfortunately, most of the clones produce smaller fruit than maternal variety.

Nules Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Clementina Nules, Clemenules, de Nules, di Nules, Gorda de Nules, Nulera, Nules 4n, Nules AM, Nulesina, Reina, Reyna, Victoria

This variety s a result of natural navel mutation of the variety 'Fina', which was discovered in 1953 in Nules, Castellón de la Plana, close to Valencia, Spain, where it is so popular, that it makes up to 35% of all Clementine production in Spain. It's slowly becoming more popular in The Republic of South Africa, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile.

'Clemenules' is an average tree with dense, spherical crown made of thornless branches and dark green, spear-shaped leaves. Its smaller white flowers grow both in clusters and individually. This variety's excellent and tasty fruit is usually spherical, quite big (5,5 7- cm) and weighs 80-130 g. Its rind is intensively orange, soft, and grainy, with a hint of pink color. Its pulp is very juicy (up to 50%), sweet, tasty and contains only few or no seeds. To have the best fruit, it is necessary to carefully remove the slower, not sufficiently developed fruit and leave only the strongest pieces, so that one cluster has at most 3 individual fruits.

'Clemenules' ripens from late November to December, only a few days before the maternal variety. It is necessary to remove the pedicel along with the fruit, otherwise the rind might get damaged or crack. Farmers on plantains also use ethylene early in the spring to ensure the nice color of the fruit. The fruit can hang ripe on the tree only if it was treated with giberlit. This way it can stay there until late January. Otherwise it must be harvested as soon as it ripens. 'Clemenules' is a temperature demanding cultivar, suitable into warm/hot greenhouses and for growing in warm flats.

Corsica 2 Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Corsica #2, Ristorcelli 2

'Corsica 2' is another mutation of variety 'Fina'. It was discovered by René Ristorcelli in 1962 close to Rabat, Morocco.

This tree appears to be very compact and has high yields of well tasting, average or big (5-6cm) fruit that can weigh as much as 90-110g. Its pulp is usually very sweet, juicy (up to 42%) and contains only few or no seeds. Rind is thin (3-4mm) and the entire production ripens in December.

Hernandina ® Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

Clemenlate ®

'Hernandina' belongs to late varieties with Spanish origin. It was a mutation of cultivar 'Fina'. This mutation was discovered in Picassent, Valencia, in 1966. 'Hernandina' is an average high tree that likes rains much more than 'Guillermina'. It has dark green, pointed, tough leaves and a tendency to produce fruit variably each year. Its fragile branches are dark, sometimes almost black and it has average or bigger (6-7,5cm), slightly flattened fruit. Rind can get some color only later, after the fruit is ripe, because it ripens in December and January. It has also typical green spots on the rind close to the pedicel. Ripe fruit is red-orange, smooth, thin (3-3,5mm) and can be peeled really easily. Its pulp is dark orange and has excellent flavor, hints of sweet and bitter, unique aroma and only little acids. If there is no potential pollinator (other variety or citrus), there are almost no seeds in the pulp, if it gets pollinated by another variety, it can contain up to 25 seeds. It is necessary to remove the fruit during harvest along with the pedicel; otherwise the rind can get damaged, because the calyx usually falls off. Fruit hanging on the tree after ripening usually loses the sweet flavor and gets more acidic. It also starts drying up and granulates. Late harvesting is also the reason, why so many plants have unpredictable fruit productions and are commercially unstable, thus not cultivated for production in Spain. This variety's clone 'Clemenlate' is sometimes described as individual cultivar.

Rubino Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan. Klementina

'Rubino' is an medium high, late cultivar, a natural mutation of variety 'Commune' discovered in Calabria. It has dense, spherical crown, thornless branches and very high yields. Fruit is small (80g), but it has thin, soft and orange-red skin (that's where its name comes from). Its pulp is orange, very delicious and has excellent quality. The entire production usually ripens from January to February and can hang on the tree for a very long time, sometimes even until early June.